西安鍛銅雕塑淺析銅材料以及加工工藝
來源：國產SUV精二區九色:www.upbrand365.com 發布時間：2019年01月11日
金屬是國產SUV精二區九色:西安(an)鍛(duan)銅(tong)雕塑中最常見的材料之一，在鍛銅雕塑藝術發展的歷史長河中，用不同種類的金屬制造的雕塑作品非常多而且有非常重要的歷史地位和價值。不論是純粹的雕塑藝術還是日常生活所用的器皿都有金屬雕塑的優秀范例。金屬是天然的材料，它具有永恒性和高貴性，從而具有廣泛的實用價值和審美價值。金屬材料硬度高、韌性好、光澤亮，是雕塑的主要材料之一。金屬材料經過高溫可以溶化成液體，然后將其澆注入相應的模具里，待其冷卻之后即可成型為雕塑。古代人們所使用的工具、生活用品、打仗的武器都是如此制成，我國在很早以前的夏商周到春秋戰國時期的青銅器鑄造就已經達到了一個頂峰。而銅材料是制作雕塑的主要金屬材料。
一、銅(tong)的物(wu)理化學性質(zhi)及(ji)其分類
銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)是(shi)人類發現最早(zao)而(er)(er)且又(you)是(shi)常被(bei)應用(yong)得得心(xin)應手的(de)(de)(de)(de)材(cai)料。銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)化(hua)學符號是(shi)Cu、原子序(xu)數是(shi)29、原子量(liang)是(shi)63.546，色(se)(se)(se)(se)澤呈玫瑰紅(hong)(hong)色(se)(se)(se)(se)，比重(zhong)是(shi)8.94，它的(de)(de)(de)(de)熔(rong)點(dian)(dian)是(shi)1083℃，沸點(dian)(dian)：2582℃，抗拉強度(du)(du)：220～420MPa。銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)質地軟而(er)(er)韌，其延展性(xing)能好(hao)，易(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)塑性(xing)加(jia)(jia)工，導電性(xing)及導熱性(xing)優(you)良，良好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)拋旋光性(xing)，易(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)氧(yang)化(hua)，尤其是(shi)加(jia)(jia)熱更易(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)氧(yang)化(hua)，不(bu)能做防護性(xing)鍍(du)層，會和(he)空(kong)(kong)氣(qi)中的(de)(de)(de)(de)硫(liu)(liu)作(zuo)用(yong)生成(cheng)(cheng)褐色(se)(se)(se)(se)硫(liu)(liu)化(hua)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)，會和(he)空(kong)(kong)氣(qi)中二氧(yang)化(hua)碳(tan)作(zuo)用(yong)形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)錄，會和(he)空(kong)(kong)氣(qi)中氯形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)氯化(hua)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)粉(fen)末。銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)鍍(du)層具(ju)有(you)良好(hao)均勻性(xing)、致密性(xing)、附著性(xing)及拋旋光性(xing)等(deng)，所(suo)(suo)(suo)以可(ke)做其它電鍍(du)金(jin)屬(shu)之底鍍(du)鍍(du)層。鍍(du)層可(ke)做為防止滲碳(tan)氮化(hua)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)，唯一(yi)可(ke)實用(yong)于鋅鑄件電鍍(du)打底用(yong)。銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)來源充足(zu)，銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)容(rong)易(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)電鍍(du)，容(rong)易(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)控制(zhi)，銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電鍍(du)量(liang)僅(jin)次于鎳。銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)材(cai)可(ke)分為紅(hong)(hong)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)（紫銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)）、黃銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)、青銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)。紅(hong)(hong)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)是(shi)單(dan)純的(de)(de)(de)(de)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)金(jin)屬(shu)，性(xing)軟而(er)(er)熔(rong)點(dian)(dian)低，容(rong)易(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)加(jia)(jia)工。所(suo)(suo)(suo)以鍛銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)工藝(yi)絕大(da)(da)部分是(shi)指紅(hong)(hong)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)而(er)(er)言(yan)。紅(hong)(hong)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)性(xing)軟富延展性(xing)，又(you)能很好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)表現作(zuo)者的(de)(de)(de)(de)創作(zuo)意圖，且色(se)(se)(se)(se)澤渾厚、穩重(zhong)，可(ke)和(he)各種(zhong)裝(zhuang)飾材(cai)料、各種(zhong)環境配合，既可(ke)制(zhi)作(zuo)大(da)(da)型壁(bi)畫(hua)、雕(diao)塑，又(you)可(ke)做靈(ling)活的(de)(de)(de)(de)局部點(dian)(dian)綴(zhui)裝(zhuang)飾。所(suo)(suo)(suo)以這種(zhong)工藝(yi)受到很多藝(yi)術(shu)家(jia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)偏愛，成(cheng)(cheng)為許多壁(bi)畫(hua)、雕(diao)塑工程的(de)(de)(de)(de)首選材(cai)料。黃銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)是(shi)在純銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)中加(jia)(jia)入金(jin)屬(shu)錫冶(ye)煉(lian)而(er)(er)成(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)，其性(xing)狀(zhuang)較(jiao)硬，相對(dui)延展性(xing)較(jiao)差，板(ban)材(cai)易(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)變(bian)形(xing)，所(suo)(suo)(suo)以一(yi)般只適于制(zhi)作(zuo)一(yi)些折皺少、大(da)(da)塊面積的(de)(de)(de)(de)工藝(yi)品，如銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)字、銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)牌等(deng)。青銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)是(shi)在天然銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)材(cai)料里加(jia)(jia)入了50％的(de)(de)(de)(de)錫等(deng)材(cai)料后熔(rong)化(hua)成(cheng)(cheng)為青銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)，青銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)硬度(du)(du)要比原銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)高(gao)，但是(shi)熔(rong)點(dian)(dian)卻由原初的(de)(de)(de)(de)1083℃下(xia)降到800～960℃。銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)材(cai)料易(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)加(jia)(jia)工，有(you)一(yi)定準確度(du)(du)，耐久性(xing)好(hao)，并(bing)有(you)一(yi)種(zhong)華貴、古雅、莊重(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)色(se)(se)(se)(se)彩。
二、國產SUV精二區九色:西(xi)安鍛銅(tong)浮雕的加工工藝
銅經過不(bu)同(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)加(jia)工技術和(he)(he)(he)工藝(yi)(yi)程(cheng)序，會產生(sheng)不(bu)同(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)視覺美感和(he)(he)(he)觸覺美感。銅制雕(diao)(diao)塑(su)的(de)(de)藝(yi)(yi)術之美是集材(cai)質之美、工藝(yi)(yi)之美和(he)(he)(he)藝(yi)(yi)術之美三(san)者綜合的(de)(de)結(jie)晶。因此，學習和(he)(he)(he)研(yan)究(jiu)銅制雕(diao)(diao)塑(su)需要(yao)從這(zhe)三(san)者入手，即(ji)使(shi)是藝(yi)(yi)術欣賞也是需要(yao)這(zhe)三(san)方(fang)面(mian)來進(jin)行，如果(guo)只是從一個方(fang)面(mian)就很難(nan)了解和(he)(he)(he)把握銅制雕(diao)(diao)塑(su)藝(yi)(yi)術的(de)(de)真諦和(he)(he)(he)豐富的(de)(de)內涵。由于(yu)不(bu)同(tong)(tong)種(zhong)類(lei)的(de)(de)銅材(cai)料和(he)(he)(he)不(bu)同(tong)(tong)造型(xing)(xing)、結(jie)構(gou)的(de)(de)銅制雕(diao)(diao)塑(su)對加(jia)工成(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)工藝(yi)(yi)的(de)(de)要(yao)求也不(bu)同(tong)(tong)。所以成(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)和(he)(he)(he)制作方(fang)法主要(yao)包括鑄造、鍛造、焊接(jie)、鉚接(jie)、切割等五(wu)大加(jia)工成(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)工藝(yi)(yi)，而且在裝飾工藝(yi)(yi)方(fang)面(mian)還主要(yao)有鑲嵌、雕(diao)(diao)金、鍍(du)金和(he)(he)(he)鍍(du)銀(yin)三(san)大類(lei)。
（一(yi)）鑄造工藝
鑄造(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)工(gong)藝是銅(tong)雕塑的(de)最古老的(de)成型(xing)(xing)工(gong)藝之一，它的(de)加工(gong)方(fang)法(fa)是首先要用黏土或者(zhe)其它可塑材(cai)料做出原(yuan)型(xing)(xing)，然后再翻成鑄造(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)模(mo)型(xing)(xing)，之后進行澆鑄。根據鑄造(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)模(mo)型(xing)(xing)材(cai)料的(de)不同，主要分為陶(tao)范鑄造(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)、金屬(shu)范鑄造(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)和(he)失蠟鑄造(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)（也稱翻沙鑄造(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)）。
1、陶范鑄造
它是我(wo)國最古老的(de)(de)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)造(zao)(zao)技(ji)術之(zhi)一，我(wo)們(men)的(de)(de)祖先早在(zai)商代就熟練地掌握了這種(zhong)工藝，并用此工藝制(zhi)作(zuo)了大(da)量(liang)的(de)(de)青銅藝術珍品，成(cheng)(cheng)就了享譽世界(jie)的(de)(de)青銅文化。陶范(fan)(fan)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)造(zao)(zao)方法(fa)首先是制(zhi)范(fan)(fan)，“范(fan)(fan)”是指(zhi)用于鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)造(zao)(zao)的(de)(de)模子，制(zhi)作(zuo)陶范(fan)(fan)要(yao)(yao)精選細黏土敷(fu)(fu)在(zai)模型(xing)(xing)(xing)上(shang)，待半干(gan)(gan)時分(fen)塊取下(xia)陰干(gan)(gan)，干(gan)(gan)透的(de)(de)泥(ni)范(fan)(fan)再經(jing)焙燒(shao)成(cheng)(cheng)為陶范(fan)(fan)①。這就形成(cheng)(cheng)了外(wai)(wai)(wai)范(fan)(fan)，外(wai)(wai)(wai)范(fan)(fan)的(de)(de)分(fen)片(pian)多少視造(zao)(zao)型(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)復雜程度(du)而定。如(ru)果要(yao)(yao)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)成(cheng)(cheng)中空(kong)的(de)(de)雕塑或(huo)器物，在(zai)做(zuo)好的(de)(de)陶范(fan)(fan)外(wai)(wai)(wai)范(fan)(fan)后(hou)(hou)還要(yao)(yao)做(zuo)陶范(fan)(fan)內(nei)范(fan)(fan)，外(wai)(wai)(wai)范(fan)(fan)與(yu)內(nei)范(fan)(fan)的(de)(de)空(kong)間距離就是澆(jiao)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)后(hou)(hou)的(de)(de)造(zao)(zao)型(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)厚度(du)。陶范(fan)(fan)的(de)(de)上(shang)部(bu)要(yao)(yao)預(yu)先做(zuo)好澆(jiao)注口和出氣孔(kong)。最后(hou)(hou)把內(nei)、外(wai)(wai)(wai)范(fan)(fan)合起(qi)來，并敷(fu)(fu)上(shang)泥(ni)層進行加固。做(zuo)好上(shang)述工作(zuo)，即可以熔(rong)銅澆(jiao)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)了。對(dui)于造(zao)(zao)型(xing)(xing)(xing)復雜的(de)(de)雕塑，陶范(fan)(fan)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)造(zao)(zao)往往無法(fa)一次成(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)，因此需要(yao)(yao)采(cai)用分(fen)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)法(fa)。比如(ru)全身人像雕塑，我(wo)們(men)將(jiang)其頭與(yu)身體(ti)、四(si)肢(zhi)分(fen)別制(zhi)成(cheng)(cheng)陶范(fan)(fan)，先將(jiang)四(si)肢(zhi)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)好暫不拿出，再與(yu)軀干(gan)(gan)的(de)(de)陶范(fan)(fan)對(dui)接起(qi)來，澆(jiao)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)軀干(gan)(gan)時四(si)肢(zhi)便與(yu)軀干(gan)(gan)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)成(cheng)(cheng)一體(ti)了。
西安易銅坊雕塑工程有限公司(17691083840)公司主要經營國產SUV精二區九色:鍛銅雕塑(su)定(ding)制,浮雕,不銹鋼雕塑和石雕.擁有多位資深雕塑設計師,從事雕塑和浮雕設計.公司技術力量雄厚,施工隊伍一流。
一、銅(tong)的物(wu)理化學性質(zhi)及(ji)其分類
銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)是(shi)人類發現最早(zao)而(er)(er)且又(you)是(shi)常被(bei)應用(yong)得得心(xin)應手的(de)(de)(de)(de)材(cai)料。銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)化(hua)學符號是(shi)Cu、原子序(xu)數是(shi)29、原子量(liang)是(shi)63.546，色(se)(se)(se)(se)澤呈玫瑰紅(hong)(hong)色(se)(se)(se)(se)，比重(zhong)是(shi)8.94，它的(de)(de)(de)(de)熔(rong)點(dian)(dian)是(shi)1083℃，沸點(dian)(dian)：2582℃，抗拉強度(du)(du)：220～420MPa。銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)質地軟而(er)(er)韌，其延展性(xing)能好(hao)，易(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)塑性(xing)加(jia)(jia)工，導電性(xing)及導熱性(xing)優(you)良，良好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)拋旋光性(xing)，易(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)氧(yang)化(hua)，尤其是(shi)加(jia)(jia)熱更易(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)氧(yang)化(hua)，不(bu)能做防護性(xing)鍍(du)層，會和(he)空(kong)(kong)氣(qi)中的(de)(de)(de)(de)硫(liu)(liu)作(zuo)用(yong)生成(cheng)(cheng)褐色(se)(se)(se)(se)硫(liu)(liu)化(hua)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)，會和(he)空(kong)(kong)氣(qi)中二氧(yang)化(hua)碳(tan)作(zuo)用(yong)形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)錄，會和(he)空(kong)(kong)氣(qi)中氯形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)氯化(hua)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)粉(fen)末。銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)鍍(du)層具(ju)有(you)良好(hao)均勻性(xing)、致密性(xing)、附著性(xing)及拋旋光性(xing)等(deng)，所(suo)(suo)(suo)以可(ke)做其它電鍍(du)金(jin)屬(shu)之底鍍(du)鍍(du)層。鍍(du)層可(ke)做為防止滲碳(tan)氮化(hua)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)，唯一(yi)可(ke)實用(yong)于鋅鑄件電鍍(du)打底用(yong)。銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)來源充足(zu)，銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)容(rong)易(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)電鍍(du)，容(rong)易(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)控制(zhi)，銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電鍍(du)量(liang)僅(jin)次于鎳。銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)材(cai)可(ke)分為紅(hong)(hong)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)（紫銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)）、黃銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)、青銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)。紅(hong)(hong)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)是(shi)單(dan)純的(de)(de)(de)(de)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)金(jin)屬(shu)，性(xing)軟而(er)(er)熔(rong)點(dian)(dian)低，容(rong)易(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)加(jia)(jia)工。所(suo)(suo)(suo)以鍛銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)工藝(yi)絕大(da)(da)部分是(shi)指紅(hong)(hong)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)而(er)(er)言(yan)。紅(hong)(hong)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)性(xing)軟富延展性(xing)，又(you)能很好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)表現作(zuo)者的(de)(de)(de)(de)創作(zuo)意圖，且色(se)(se)(se)(se)澤渾厚、穩重(zhong)，可(ke)和(he)各種(zhong)裝(zhuang)飾材(cai)料、各種(zhong)環境配合，既可(ke)制(zhi)作(zuo)大(da)(da)型壁(bi)畫(hua)、雕(diao)塑，又(you)可(ke)做靈(ling)活的(de)(de)(de)(de)局部點(dian)(dian)綴(zhui)裝(zhuang)飾。所(suo)(suo)(suo)以這種(zhong)工藝(yi)受到很多藝(yi)術(shu)家(jia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)偏愛，成(cheng)(cheng)為許多壁(bi)畫(hua)、雕(diao)塑工程的(de)(de)(de)(de)首選材(cai)料。黃銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)是(shi)在純銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)中加(jia)(jia)入金(jin)屬(shu)錫冶(ye)煉(lian)而(er)(er)成(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)，其性(xing)狀(zhuang)較(jiao)硬，相對(dui)延展性(xing)較(jiao)差，板(ban)材(cai)易(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)變(bian)形(xing)，所(suo)(suo)(suo)以一(yi)般只適于制(zhi)作(zuo)一(yi)些折皺少、大(da)(da)塊面積的(de)(de)(de)(de)工藝(yi)品，如銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)字、銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)牌等(deng)。青銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)是(shi)在天然銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)材(cai)料里加(jia)(jia)入了50％的(de)(de)(de)(de)錫等(deng)材(cai)料后熔(rong)化(hua)成(cheng)(cheng)為青銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)，青銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)硬度(du)(du)要比原銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)高(gao)，但是(shi)熔(rong)點(dian)(dian)卻由原初的(de)(de)(de)(de)1083℃下(xia)降到800～960℃。銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)材(cai)料易(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)加(jia)(jia)工，有(you)一(yi)定準確度(du)(du)，耐久性(xing)好(hao)，并(bing)有(you)一(yi)種(zhong)華貴、古雅、莊重(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)色(se)(se)(se)(se)彩。
銅經過不(bu)同(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)加(jia)工技術和(he)(he)(he)工藝(yi)(yi)程(cheng)序，會產生(sheng)不(bu)同(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)視覺美感和(he)(he)(he)觸覺美感。銅制雕(diao)(diao)塑(su)的(de)(de)藝(yi)(yi)術之美是集材(cai)質之美、工藝(yi)(yi)之美和(he)(he)(he)藝(yi)(yi)術之美三(san)者綜合的(de)(de)結(jie)晶。因此，學習和(he)(he)(he)研(yan)究(jiu)銅制雕(diao)(diao)塑(su)需要(yao)從這(zhe)三(san)者入手，即(ji)使(shi)是藝(yi)(yi)術欣賞也是需要(yao)這(zhe)三(san)方(fang)面(mian)來進(jin)行，如果(guo)只是從一個方(fang)面(mian)就很難(nan)了解和(he)(he)(he)把握銅制雕(diao)(diao)塑(su)藝(yi)(yi)術的(de)(de)真諦和(he)(he)(he)豐富的(de)(de)內涵。由于(yu)不(bu)同(tong)(tong)種(zhong)類(lei)的(de)(de)銅材(cai)料和(he)(he)(he)不(bu)同(tong)(tong)造型(xing)(xing)、結(jie)構(gou)的(de)(de)銅制雕(diao)(diao)塑(su)對加(jia)工成(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)工藝(yi)(yi)的(de)(de)要(yao)求也不(bu)同(tong)(tong)。所以成(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)和(he)(he)(he)制作方(fang)法主要(yao)包括鑄造、鍛造、焊接(jie)、鉚接(jie)、切割等五(wu)大加(jia)工成(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)工藝(yi)(yi)，而且在裝飾工藝(yi)(yi)方(fang)面(mian)還主要(yao)有鑲嵌、雕(diao)(diao)金、鍍(du)金和(he)(he)(he)鍍(du)銀(yin)三(san)大類(lei)。
（一(yi)）鑄造工藝
鑄造(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)工(gong)藝是銅(tong)雕塑的(de)最古老的(de)成型(xing)(xing)工(gong)藝之一，它的(de)加工(gong)方(fang)法(fa)是首先要用黏土或者(zhe)其它可塑材(cai)料做出原(yuan)型(xing)(xing)，然后再翻成鑄造(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)模(mo)型(xing)(xing)，之后進行澆鑄。根據鑄造(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)模(mo)型(xing)(xing)材(cai)料的(de)不同，主要分為陶(tao)范鑄造(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)、金屬(shu)范鑄造(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)和(he)失蠟鑄造(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)（也稱翻沙鑄造(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)）。
1、陶范鑄造
它是我(wo)國最古老的(de)(de)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)造(zao)(zao)技(ji)術之(zhi)一，我(wo)們(men)的(de)(de)祖先早在(zai)商代就熟練地掌握了這種(zhong)工藝，并用此工藝制(zhi)作(zuo)了大(da)量(liang)的(de)(de)青銅藝術珍品，成(cheng)(cheng)就了享譽世界(jie)的(de)(de)青銅文化。陶范(fan)(fan)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)造(zao)(zao)方法(fa)首先是制(zhi)范(fan)(fan)，“范(fan)(fan)”是指(zhi)用于鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)造(zao)(zao)的(de)(de)模子，制(zhi)作(zuo)陶范(fan)(fan)要(yao)(yao)精選細黏土敷(fu)(fu)在(zai)模型(xing)(xing)(xing)上(shang)，待半干(gan)(gan)時分(fen)塊取下(xia)陰干(gan)(gan)，干(gan)(gan)透的(de)(de)泥(ni)范(fan)(fan)再經(jing)焙燒(shao)成(cheng)(cheng)為陶范(fan)(fan)①。這就形成(cheng)(cheng)了外(wai)(wai)(wai)范(fan)(fan)，外(wai)(wai)(wai)范(fan)(fan)的(de)(de)分(fen)片(pian)多少視造(zao)(zao)型(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)復雜程度(du)而定。如(ru)果要(yao)(yao)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)成(cheng)(cheng)中空(kong)的(de)(de)雕塑或(huo)器物，在(zai)做(zuo)好的(de)(de)陶范(fan)(fan)外(wai)(wai)(wai)范(fan)(fan)后(hou)(hou)還要(yao)(yao)做(zuo)陶范(fan)(fan)內(nei)范(fan)(fan)，外(wai)(wai)(wai)范(fan)(fan)與(yu)內(nei)范(fan)(fan)的(de)(de)空(kong)間距離就是澆(jiao)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)后(hou)(hou)的(de)(de)造(zao)(zao)型(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)厚度(du)。陶范(fan)(fan)的(de)(de)上(shang)部(bu)要(yao)(yao)預(yu)先做(zuo)好澆(jiao)注口和出氣孔(kong)。最后(hou)(hou)把內(nei)、外(wai)(wai)(wai)范(fan)(fan)合起(qi)來，并敷(fu)(fu)上(shang)泥(ni)層進行加固。做(zuo)好上(shang)述工作(zuo)，即可以熔(rong)銅澆(jiao)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)了。對(dui)于造(zao)(zao)型(xing)(xing)(xing)復雜的(de)(de)雕塑，陶范(fan)(fan)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)造(zao)(zao)往往無法(fa)一次成(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)，因此需要(yao)(yao)采(cai)用分(fen)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)法(fa)。比如(ru)全身人像雕塑，我(wo)們(men)將(jiang)其頭與(yu)身體(ti)、四(si)肢(zhi)分(fen)別制(zhi)成(cheng)(cheng)陶范(fan)(fan)，先將(jiang)四(si)肢(zhi)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)好暫不拿出，再與(yu)軀干(gan)(gan)的(de)(de)陶范(fan)(fan)對(dui)接起(qi)來，澆(jiao)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)軀干(gan)(gan)時四(si)肢(zhi)便與(yu)軀干(gan)(gan)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)成(cheng)(cheng)一體(ti)了。
西安易銅坊雕塑工程有限公司(17691083840)公司主要經營國產SUV精二區九色:鍛銅雕塑(su)定(ding)制,浮雕,不銹鋼雕塑和石雕.擁有多位資深雕塑設計師,從事雕塑和浮雕設計.公司技術力量雄厚,施工隊伍一流。
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